Tomcat Web Hosting - Adobe Photoshop

L E S S O N 2 What You ll Do PHOTOSHOP 2-8 Working with Layers Chapter 2 ADD AND Adding Layers to an Image Because it s so important to make use of multiple layers, Photoshop makes it easy to add and delete layers. You can create layers in three ways: Use the New command on the Layer menu. Use the New Layer command on the Layers palette menu. Click the Create a new layer button on the Layers palette. Objects on new layers have a default opacity setting of 100%, which means that objects on lower layers are not visible. Each layer has the Normal (default) blending mode applied to it. (A blending mode is a feature that affects a layer s underlying pixels, and is used to lighten or darken colors.) In this lesson, you ll create a new layer using the New command on the Layer menu, delete a layer, and create a new layer using buttons on the Layers palette. . Merging layers You can combine multiple image layers into a single layer using the merging process. Merging layers is useful when you want to combine multiple layers in order to make specific edits permanent. (This merging process is different from flattening in that it s selective. Flattening merges all visible layers.) In order for layers to be merged, they must be visible and next to each other on the Layers palette. You can merge all visible layers within an image, or just the ones you select. Type layers cannot be merged until they are rasterized (turned into a bitmapped image layer), or converted into uneditable text. To merge two layers, make sure that they are next to each other and that the Indicates layer visibility button is visible on each layer, then click the layer in the higher position on the Layers palette. Click Layer on the menu bar, then click Merge Down. The active layer and the layer immediately beneath it will be combined into a single layer. To merge all visible layers, click the Layers palette list arrow, then click Merge Visible. Most layer commands that are available on the Layers menu, such as Merge Down, are also available using the Layers palette list arrow. DELETE LAYERS
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Lesson 1 Examine and Convert Layers PHOTOSHOP 2-7 Convert an image layer into a Background layer 1. Open PS 2-1.psd from the drive and folder where your Data Files are stored, then save it as New England Fall. TIP If you receive a warning box about maximum compatibility, or a message stating that some of the text layers need to be updated before they can be used for vector-based output, click OK or click Update. 2. Click View on the menu bar, click Rulers if your rulers are not visible, then make sure that your rulers are displayed in pixels. TIP If you are unsure which units of measurement are used, right-click (Win) or [Ctrl]- click (Mac) one of the rulers, then verify that Pixels is selected, or click Pixels (if necessary). 3. On the Layers palette, scroll down, click the Background layer, then click the Delete layer button . 4. Click Yes in the dialog box, as shown in Figure 4, then compare your Layers palette to Figure 5. 5. Click Layer on the menu bar, point to New, then click Background From Layer. The Autumn Maple Leaves layer has been converted into the Background layer. Did you notice that in addition to the image layer being converted to the Background layer that a state now appears on the History palette that says Convert to Background? See Figure 6. 6. Save your work. You displayed the rulers, deleted the Background layer of an image, then converted an image layer into the Background layer. You can convert any layer into the Background layer, as long as you first delete the existing Background layer. FIGURE 4 Warning box FIGURE 5 Background layer deleted FIGURE 6 New Background layer added to Layers palette Background layer no longer present New Background layer History state indicating layer conversion
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PHOTOSHOP 2-6 Working with Layers Chapter 2 Converting Layers When you open an image created with a digital camera, you ll notice that the entire image appears in the Background layer. The Background layer of any image is the initial layer and is always located at the bottom of the stack. You cannot change its position in the stack, nor can you change its opacity or lighten or darken its colors. You can, however, convert a Background layer into an image layer (nontype layer), and you can convert an image layer into a Background layer. You need to modify the image layer before converting it to a Background layer. You might want to convert a Background layer into an image layer so that you can use the full range of editing tools on the layer content. You might want to convert an image layer into a Background layer after you have made all your changes and want it to be the bottom layer in the stack. QUICKTIP Before converting an image layer to a Background layer, you must first delete the existing Background layer. You can delete a Background layer by clicking it on the Layers palette, then dragging it to the Delete layer button on the Layers palette. Using rulers and changing units of measurement You can display horizontal and vertical rulers to help you better position elements. To display or hide rulers, click View on the menu bar, then click Rulers. (A check mark to the left of the Rulers command indicates that the Rulers are displayed.) In addition to displaying or hiding rulers, you can also choose from various units of measurement. Your choices include pixels, inches, centimeters, millimeters, points, picas, and percentages. Pixels, for example, display more tick marks and can make it easier to make tiny adjustments. You can change the units of measurement by clicking Edit [Win] or Photoshop [Mac] on the menu bar, pointing to Preferences, then clicking Units & Rulers. In the Preferences dialog box, click the Rulers list arrow, click the units you want to use, then click OK. The easiest way to change units of measurement, however, is shown in Figure 3. Once the rulers are displayed, right-click (Win) or [Ctrl]-click (Mac) either the vertical or horizontal ruler, then click the unit of measurement you want. The Info palette, located in the upperright corner of the workspace, also displays your current coordinates. Regardless of the units of measurement in use, the X/ Y coordinates are displayed in the Info palette. FIGURE 3 Changing units of measurement Right-click (Win) or [Ctrl]-click (Mac) to display measurement choices
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Lesson 1 Examine and Convert Layers PHOTOSHOP 2-5 applications, such as Adobe Illustrator, Adobe InDesign, or Macromedia Flash, onto a Photoshop image, which creates a layer containing the object you dragged from the other program window. QUICKTIP It is not necessary for a Photoshop image to have a Background layer. However, if you don t have a Background layer, the background will take on the properties of the layers and their opacities, which is more memory intensive than an object layer. Organizing Layers One of the benefits of using layers is that you can create different design effects by rearranging their order. Figure 2 contains the same layers as Figure 1, but they are arranged differently. Did you notice that the wreath is partially obscured by the gourds and the title text? This reorganization was created by dragging the Wreath layer below the Gourds layer and by dragging the Fall in New England layer below the Wreath layer on the Layers palette. QUICKTIP Did you notice the horizontal and vertical lines in the figures? Although you may find them distracting, these are moveable guides that you can use to help you place objects precisely. As you continue working in Photoshop, you ll find they are very useful and soon you probably won t even notice them. FIGURE 1 Image with multiple layers FIGURE 2 Layers rearranged New layer order Wreath obscured Position mouse over layer name to display full Type layer thumbnail Image layer thumbnail Layers palette list arrow
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L E S S O N 1 What You ll Do PHOTOSHOP 2-4 Working with Layers Chapter 2 EXAMINE AND Learning About the Layers Palette The Layers palette lists all the layer names within a Photoshop file and makes it possible for you to manipulate one or more layers. By default, this palette is located in the lower-right corner of the screen, but it can be moved to a new location by dragging the palette s tab. In some cases, the entire name of the layer might not appear on the palette. If a layer name is too long, an ellipsis appears, indicating that part of the name is hidden from view. You can view a layer s entire name by holding the pointer over the name until the full name appears. The layer thumbnail appears to the left of the layer name and contains a miniature picture of the layer s content, as shown in Figure 1. To the left of the layer thumbnail, you can add color, which allows you to easily identify layers. The Layers palette also contains common buttons, such as the Delete layer button and the Create new layer button. QUICKTIP You can hide or resize Layers palette thumbnails to improve your computer s performance. To remove or change the size of layer thumbnails, click the Layers palette list arrow, then click Palette Options to open the Layers Palette Options dialog box. Click the option button next to the desired thumbnail size, or click the None option button to remove thumbnails, then click OK. A paintbrush icon appears in place of a thumbnail. Recognizing Layer Types The Layers palette includes several types of layers: Background, type, and image (nontype). The Background layer whose name appears in italics is always at the bottom of the stack. Type layers layers that contain text contain the type layer icon in the layer thumbnail, and image layers display a thumbnail of their contents. In addition to dragging selections from one Photoshop image to another, you can also drag objects created in other In this lesson, you ll use the Layers palette to delete a Background layer and the Layer menu to create a Background layer from an image layer. . CONVERT LAYERS
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2-3 Tools You ll Use Opacity list arrow Color list arrow Delete current state button
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2-2 Layers Are Everything You can use Photoshop to create sophisticated images because a Photoshop image can contain multiple layers. Each object created in Photoshop can exist on its own individual layer, making it easy to control the position and quality of each layer in the stack. Depending on your computer s resources, you can have a maximum of 8000 layers in each Photoshop image with each layer containing as much or as little detail as necessary. QUICKTIP The transparent areas in a layer do not increase file size. Understanding the Importance of Layers Layers make it possible to manipulate the tiniest detail within your image, which gives you tremendous flexibility when you make changes. By placing objects, effects, styles, and type on separate layers, you can modify them individually without affecting other layers. The advantage to using multiple layers is that you can isolate effects and images on one layer without affecting the others. The disadvantage of using multiple layers is that your file size might become very large. However, once your image is finished, you can dramatically reduce its file size by combining all the layers into one. Using Layers to Modify an Image You can add, delete, and move layers in your image. You can also drag a portion of an image, called a selection, from one Photoshop image to another. When you do this, a new layer is automatically created. Copying layers from one image to another makes it easy to transfer a complicated effect, a simple image, or a piece of type. You can also hide and display each layer, or change its opacity. Opacity is the ability to see through a layer so that layers beneath it are visible. You can continuously change the overall appearance of your image by changing the order of your layers, until you achieve just the look you want. WORKING WITH LAYERS chapter2
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2-1 ADOBE PHOTOSHOP CS2 WORKING WITH LAYERS 2 chapter 1. Examine and convert layers. 2. Add and delete layers. 3. Add a selection from one image to another. 4. Organize layers with layer groups and colors.
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In this chapter, you have learned the basics of Photoshop CS2: how to open and close a file, as well as how to start and exit Photoshop. You learned how to use Adobe Bridge, Version Cue, and Photoshop Help. You have also learned to identify some of the elements of the Photoshop window, how to use the Layers and History palettes, and how to move and delete layers. What You Have Learned: How to open Photoshop CS2. How to open and save a file. How to identify elements of the Photoshop window. How to use organizational tools. How to move and delete layers. How to use the Adobe Help Center. How to view an image. How to close a file and quit Photoshop. Key Terms Adobe Bridge A stand-alone application that serves as the hub for the Adobe Creative Suite. Digital image Picture in electronic form; it may be referred to as a file, document, picture, or image. History palette Records each task (state) completed during the current Photoshop session. Layers palette Displays all the layers in an open file, and can be used to create, copy, delete, display, hide, merge, lock, or reposition layers. Options bar Located directly under the menu bar, displays the current settings for the active tool. Preferences Options you can set that are based on your work habits. Toolbox Contains tools associated with frequently used Photoshop commands. C H A P T E R S U M M A R Y Chapter 1 Getting Started with Adobe Photoshop CS2 PHOTOSHOP 1-39
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PHOTOSHOP 1-38 Getting Started with Adobe Photoshop CS2 Chapter 1 Power User Shortcuts to do this: use this method: Close a file [Ctrl][W] (Win) [W] (Mac) Create a new file [Ctrl][N] (Win) [N] (Mac) Create a workspace Window Workspace Save Workspace Drag a layer Exit Photoshop [Ctrl][Q] (Win), [Q] (Mac) Hide a layer Lasso Tool or L Open a file [Ctrl][O] (Win), [O] (Mac) Open Bridge Open Help [F1] (Win) Open Preferences [Ctrl][K] (Win) dialog box [K] (Mac) Page Setup [Shift][Ctrl][P] (Win) [Shift] [P] (Mac) Print File File Print [Ctrl][P], (Win) [P] (Mac) to do this: use this method: Reset preferences to [Shift][Alt][Ctrl] (Win) default settings [Shift] (Mac) Save a file [Ctrl][S] (Win) [S] (Mac) Show a layer Show hidden lasso tools [Shift] L Show or hide all open palettes [Shift][Tab] Show or hide all open palettes, [Tab] the options bar, and the toolbox Show or hide Swatches palette Window Swatches Use Save As [Shift][Ctrl][S] (Win) [Shift] [S] (Mac) Zoom in [ ][+] Zoom out [Alt] (Win) (Mac) [ ][ ] Zoom Tool or Z S K I L L S R E F E R E N C E Key: Menu items are indicated by between the menu name and its command. Blue bold letters are shortcuts for selecting tools on the toolbox.
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